维药神香草挥发油化学成分的研究

目的分析神香草药材中挥发油的化学组分。方法用气相色谱-质谱联用技术系统分析神香草中挥发油的成分,每一组分根据峰面积归一法计算其含量。结果共鉴定出36种成分,占总油量的96%,其中D-大叶香根烯的含量最高,达18.67%。结论D-大叶香根烯可作为同属植物鉴别的依据。     

Cellular sensitization against spermatic and seminal plasma antigens in women after intrauterine insemination

Summary Using an indirect lymphokin-assay, the leucocyte-migration-inhibition-test (LMI-test), the cellular sensitization of fertile and infertile patients before and after homologous and heterologous intrauterine insemination (IUI) was investigated. In this assay several preparations of spermatozoa (“washed”-, “swim-up”- and “pellet”-spermatozoa) in different concentrations (1, 5 and 10×10⁶ sperms/ml culture medium) and seminal plasma were tested as antigen. In all investigated groups a cellular immune response against spermatic antigen was demonstrable and seemed to be dose dependent. In contrast to fertile women who reacted with an enhancement of the macrophage migration for low concentrations the same concentration of antigen induced an inhibition of macrophage migration in fertile patients. For high concentrations of spermatic antigens there was a difference in the intensity of cell-mediated immune response between fertile and infertile women. Since infertile patients demonstrated an increased level of cell-mediated immune response it is possible that infertility may be caused by this altered immunological reaction. This response changes after multiple IUI-treatment and that change might be caused by the high concentration of spermatic antigens as there was a difference in the intensity of cell-mediated immune response between fertile and infertile women. Since infertile patients demonstrated an increased level of cell-mediated immune response it is possible that infertility may be caused by this altered immunological reaction. This response changes after multiple IUI-treatment and that change might be caused by the high concentration of spermatozoa. The immunological response of infertile patients seems to be similar in those receiving husband and donor IUI.     

Serum acetylcholinesterase and prognosis of acute organophosphate poisoning

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate the prognostic value of serum acetylcholinesterase levels and their relationship with neurological syndromes (Type 1 syndrome, intermediate syndrome, and delayed polyneuropathy) in acute organophosphate poisoning. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two consecutive patients with acute organophosphate poisoning admitted to the Ondokuz Mayis University Emergency Department from June 1999 to January 2001 were evaluated. Patients were assessed according to admission time, symptoms, and results of clinical exams and their serum acetylcholinesterase levels were determined on days 1, 2, 3, 7, and the last day. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the first-day serum acetylcholinesterase of the patients with severe poisoning (n = 22, 68.75%) and of the patients with mild poisoning (n = 10, 31.25%; NS). There was no discernible difference between the serum acetylcholinesterase obtained on days 1 and 3 after poisoning from the patients with intermediate syndrome (n = 5, 15.6%; means: 0.90 +/- 0.65 vs. 0.88 +/- 0.53, 19.35 vs. 18.92%; NS, sensitivity = 80%; specificity = 87.5%). There was a significant difference between the serum acetylcholinesterase obtained on days 1 and 3 from the patients with nonintermediate syndrome (n = 24, 75%; means: 1.05 +/- 0.24 vs. 1.68 +/- 0.29, 22.58 vs. 36.12%; p < 0.001). There was no discernible significant difference in serum acetylcholinesterase between the patients with organophosphorus-induced delayed polyneuropathy (n = 7, 21.8%) and nonorganophosphorus-induced delayed polyneuropathy. In the patients who died (n = 5, 15.6%), serum acetylcholinesterase showed no discernible increase day 1-the last day (means: 0.50 +/- 0.25 vs. 0.46 +/- 0.26, 10.75 vs. 9.89%; NS). There was a significant difference between the serum acetylcholinesterase levels obtained on days 1 and the last day from the patients who survived (n = 27, 84.3%; means: 1.14 +/- 0.25 vs. 2.32 +/- 0.26, 24.51 vs. 49.89%; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In the acute phase of organophosphate poisoning, low serum acetylcholinesterase (> 50% of minimum normal value) supports the diagnosis of organophosphate poisoning but it does not show a significant relationship to the severity of poisoning (NS). The serum acetylcholinesterase activity may be a useful parameter in following the acute prognosis of organophosphate poisoning.     

Choroid plexus papilloma of the posterior third ventricle during infancy & childhood: report of two cases with management morbidities

We report two cases of posterior third ventricular choroid plexus papilloma, one in an 8-month-old infant and another in a two-year-old child. These cases presented with features of obstructive hydrocephalus. Both these patients underwent a ventriculo-peritoneal (VP) shunt surgery prior to the tumor excision. Following the VP shunt surgery both patients developed ascitis requiring exteriorization of the abdominal end of the shunt. There was a clear proof of CSF overproduction: 1400-1500 ml/day in the eight-month-old infant and 900-1200 ml/day in the two-year-old child. In the former it was transient and could be treated with revision of the VP shunt whereas in the second case a ventriculo-arterial shunt had to be done. In the second case a staged reduction cranioplasty was also performed for an enormously enlarged head (head circumference--74 cm). Interesting clinical and radiological findings and useful management strategies are described.     

Importance of cyst content in hydatid liver surgery

HYPOTHESIS: Cyst content in hydatid liver surgery is a determinant of postoperative cavity-related complications. DESIGN: Cohort analytic study. SETTING: Referral public hospital. PATIENTS: Sixty-seven patients who had conservative surgery for hydatid liver disease were analyzed prospectively. Cysts were grouped as to the contents. Cysts containing bile and/or pus were considered complicated, whereas others were uncomplicated. After partial cystectomy, cavities were managed with external drainage, omentopexy, or introflexion, determined by the choice of the surgeons. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Outcomes were measured by postoperative cavity-related complications, such as biliary leakage (leakage for 10 days or less), biliary fistula (leakage for more than 10 days), cavity infections, and postoperative hospitalization. RESULTS: Patient and cyst characteristics were comparable among the groups. External drainage technique had slightly more frequent cavity-related complications than omentopexy or introflexion (1.5-fold to 2-fold difference). More importantly, complications were significantly more frequent in the complicated cysts than in the uncomplicated cysts (7-fold to 30-fold difference). Mean postoperative hospitalization time for uncomplicated cysts was 6.5 days, and it was similar whether they were treated by external drainage, omentopexy, or introflexion (7.0, 6.2, and 5.8 days, respectively). Mean postoperative hospitalization time for complicated cysts was longer than for uncomplicated cysts (17.5 days; P =.008). CONCLUSIONS: Uncomplicated cysts have lower complication rates and short hospital stay with each cavity management technique. Complicated cysts have higher complication rates and longer hospital stay regardless of the management technique. Therefore, complicated and uncomplicated cysts should be considered different forms of the disease and evaluated differently.     

A 10-year study of the incidence of and factors predicting dementia in Parkinson's disease

OBJECTIVE: To compare the incidence of dementia in PD with that of a control group without PD, and to assess the relationship between dementia and other features of PD. METHODS: The authors recruited 83 patients with PD and 50 controls, all without dementia at initial assessment, and assessed them at regular intervals over a maximum period of 122 months. Dementia was diagnosed according to objective criteria, and included a judgment by researchers masked to subject group and to variables putatively associated with dementia. RESULTS: Seventeen patients fulfilled dementia criteria; no controls did so. The cumulative proportion of PD patients becoming demented by 112 months was 0.38 (95% CI 0.20 to 0.55), or 42.6 cases per 1000 years of observation. Univariate analyses showed that incident dementia in patients with PD was associated with older age at entry into the study, greater severity of neurologic symptoms, longer duration of PD, greater disability, and male sex. The association of age at onset of PD with incident dementia was of only borderline significance. Multivariate analysis found that age at entry into the study and severity of motor symptoms were significant predictors of dementia but duration of PD and age at onset of PD were not. CONCLUSIONS: Dementia in PD is likely to reflect interaction of the neuropathology of the basal ganglia and age-related pathology. The findings do not support the division of PD into early and late-onset cases.     

Dietary fat, ketosis, and seizure resistance in rats on the ketogenic diet

PURPOSE: Fat is the major component of the ketogenic diet (KD), yet no studies have examined whether the type of fat used in the diet can be optimized to provide additional benefits. The purpose of the present experiments was to compare the efficiency of different fats in inducing ketosis and affording seizure resistance. METHODS: The effects of KDs that incorporate lard, butter, medium-chain triglycerides (MCT), or flaxseed oil or a mixture of the latter three fats were examined in rats fed KD for up to 98 days. The maximal electroshock (MES) or pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) threshold tests were used to assess seizure susceptibility in two separate experiments. RESULTS: The rank order of induced ketosis was MCT > mixture > or = flaxseed oil > or = lard = butter > or = control. MES failed to reveal anticonvulsant effects, but the PTZ test indicated that up to 50% of rats fed the KD were seizure protected (p < 0.05). The measures of seizure protection, seizure incidence and score, did not correlate, however, with the level of ketosis in the range of 0. 7-5.2 mmol/L for beta-hydroxybutyrate. In the long-term study, flaxseed oil KD maintained stable ketosis throughout 98 days, whereas ketones declined with lard and butter KD to the control level. CONCLUSIONS: Seizure protection with the versions of the KD did not improve with the higher level of ketosis. The focus of the KD improvement, therefore, is not the achievement of higher ketosis per se but rather designing a diet that provides steady ketosis, exploits advantages of certain fats for neurological development or seizure protection via a nonketogenic mechanism, and is nutritionally balanced.     

Atresias of the gastrointestinal tract in an inbred, previously unstudied population

 Retrospective analysis of the records of newborns with gastrointestinal (GI) atresias in a 16-year period revealed that more than 25% of patients had genetically-influenced atresias. Among these, an appreciable increase was observed in atresias confined to the antral region and in a syndrome of hereditary multiple GI atresias. In the absence of environmental and teratogenic factors, this increase could be due to the traditional social practice of endogamy in this population. However, this clinical finding remains to be supported by relevant prospective genetic studies. Accepted: 5 June 2000     

Respiratory health of rice millers in Kelantan, Malaysia

A cross sectional study was carried out to evaluate the effect of rice husk dust in rice millers in Malaysia. Altogether 69 workers participated in this study. They were interviewed using standardized questionnaires and lung function tests were performed. Chest tightness was among the common symptoms (34.9%) complained by workers. Age, duration of employment and smoking status were among the factors associated with respiratory symptoms (p < 0.01). Lung function tests revealed some degree of impairment compared to the healthy population.